woodland vole vs meadow vole

Image by PCWD. When other foods are limited, voles will eat bark from the base of trees and shrubs. Weaning occurs 2–3 weeks after birth. Most of us recognize mammals easily — they have fur, are warm-blooded, nurse their young, and breathe air. Three species of voles occur in the state: woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), and prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) (Figure 1). Its short tail makes up less than 20% of the length. Its closest living relative is the Jalapan pine vole (M. quasiater), which inhabits cool and wet forests of eastern Mexico in the states of San Luis Potosí and Oaxaca. Vole tunnels are most visible as snow begins to melt in spring. Overall Overall body length varies from 3 to 5½ inches for the woodland vole, to about 4½ to 7 inches for meadow and prairie voles. The field vole is a small rodent with greyish-brown fur. Voles work the soil, mixing in their stores of food and waste products, helping plant growth. They feed heavily on grasses, sedges, alfalfa, goldenrod, clover, and plantain. Voles are herbivores (eat plants). (more than 150 species worldwide). Woodland vole litter size is smaller than that of other voles, and averages two to three pups (Paul 1966, Hamilton 1938). When they clip stems and leaves, it stimulates new growth in plants. Repair Damage: What to Know Before Making Repairs, The Fascinating Story of Squirrels and Acorns, Conservation on Agricultural Lands Benefits Wildlife. A meadow vole will often chew its way up through the center of a plant and kill it from the inside out. Females can breed at 25 days of age. Moles, however, have greatly enlarged front feet with prominent digging claws. Prairie and woodland voles are common throughout Illinois. Food is stored in chambers near the nest and often aboveground in hollow stumps and other hiding places. Females have only four mammae, compared to six in meadow voles, and young attach firmly to their mothers after birth (Hamilton 1938). Vole Brains and Why You Should Care About Them The vole brain is a gold mine on what makes individuals act prosocially You are going to be a big vole fan after you read this. Is it a vole or is it a mole? Its tail is about as long as the hind foot. In Missouri, chances are you will be dealing with the prairie vole. There are several species of voles, including the woodland vole, meadow vole and prairie vole. A female vole will reach sexual maturity in around thirteen days – that’s less than two weeks. Like other voles, their populations have cycles of abundance and decline. The meadow vole probably occurs throughout much of northern Missouri, in its preferred habitat of low, damp areas of stream valleys and floodplains. Voles eat tender stems, leaves, roots, tubers, flowers, seeds, and fruits of many plants. Meadow voles occasionally invade lawns, gardens, and nurseries. There are 23 species of voles in the U.S., including the prairie vole, meadow vole, long-tailed vole, woodland vole, Oregon vole and California vole. Meadow voles and prairie voles will create surface runways (small trail systems) through the grass, while woodland voles build surface runways just under the leaf litter. Vole Tunnels Voles tunnel under the snow pack in winter, but remain above ground and create those “highways” in the grass you see when it melts. It uses its large ears to listen out … The traps should be set perpendicular to the vole runway with the trigger end placed in the runway. Learn about woodland voles, their identifying features, and their habitat. Litters may comprise 1–8 young, usually averaging 2–5. When voles are causing damage, the Wildlife Code of Missouri allows people to control them. Habits Voles […] Meadow Voles range through the northern third or … There are 23 species of voles in the U.S., including the prairie vole, meadow vole, long-tailed vole, woodland vole, Oregon vole and California vole. Woodland Vole tails are shorter at 1/2 to 1 inch long, and these voles weigh 1/2 to 1 1/2 oz. They can be distinguished from mice by their stocky body shape and their short tails (typically less than one-third of the length of the body). Woodland voles in orchards may exist at higher densities, in one instance estimated at 625 individuals per ha (250 per acre). They are the slightly larger vole of the two weighing 1/2 to 2 1/2 oz. Habitat modification is the best way to control vole damage. . The baits should not be broadcast, because they are potentially hazardous to ground-feeding birds. Meadow voles live in moist, low areas with thick grasses, and in drier grasslands near streams, lakes, or swamps. In New Mexico, meadow voles were captured in stands of grasses, wild rose ( Rosa spp. Close cutting of ground cover around fields or orchards can help keep them away. They can damage trees by chewing bark from around the base, severing the tree’s vascular system. Most common vole species found in North America are the meadow vole, prairie vole, long-tailed vole, pine vole, montane vole and woodland vole. Rabbits will also gnaw on bark, especially during the winter. Woodland Vole Species Guidance 3 of 9 PUB ER-691 (last updated June 23, 2017) (Kirkpatrick and Valentine 1970, Goertz 1971, Schadler and Butterstein 1979). Vole runways are approximately one to two inches wide, and nearby vegetation is often clipped to the ground. Predators such as hawks and owls should be encouraged. They are classified, along with lemmings in the subfamily Arvicolinae of the family . The meadow vole is most often found in extensive grassy or weedy areas such as old fields and moist hillsides with heavy ground cover. The meadow vole, also called the meadow mouse or the field mouse, is a small, compact rodent approximately 4 1/2 to 7 inches in length, with small round ears and a tail about twice the length of the hind foot (Figure 1). For example, the woodland vole weighs an ounce and attains adult body lengths of four inches with tail lengths of an inch. It likes to dig burrows underground, where it stores food for the winter and females give birth to their young. Meadow vole, (Microtus pennsylvanicus), one of the most common and prolific small mammals in North America. Voles can reproduce year-round, with a peak breeding period in the spring followed by a second, smaller breeding period in the fall. Meadow voles sometimes build a nest of grass above ground, whereas the other species build nests below ground. Voles are a major food for many predators, and their numbers influence populations of species such as foxes and owls. Their burrowing can damage lawns, and they commonly eat roots, bulbs, and green parts of garden plants. Woodland voles inhabit deciduous forests and grassy areas near woody areas. Meadow voles and woodland voles are the species most likely to cause problems in Illinois. Young orchard trees are particularly susceptible to vole damage during the winter, when voles feed on bark and tree roots. Voles do not often come into contact with people and are not considered a public health threat. Woodland Voles tend to be more reddish brown than Meadow Voles. The meadow vole is active year-round. Woodland voles live mostly underground, in forests or in fields near timber and orchards, gardens, and the like. The young are born pink and hairless, with eyes closed. Photo by Danielle Gunn. Voles flourish in grassy and weedy areas (including our gardens), creating systems of pathways 1 to 2 inches wide that often are protected by overhanging vegetation. When feeding on tall plants, voles clip the stems close to the ground, leaving piles of cut stems along their runways. Meadow voles occasionally invade lawns, gardens, and nurseries. Surrounding trees and shrubs with hardware cloth or a tree protector that has openings one-quarter inch or less can protect them. Voles leave smaller runways and an entrance to their burrow. They may be removed without a permit. A cache may hold 2 gallons of tubers, roots, and small bulbs. The woodland vole’s tail is nearly the same length as the hind foot. Mortality is high. Voles are more often a problem in agricultural fields and orchards than in the urban landscape. Males can breed when 5 weeks old. Mulch should be kept at least three inches away from the base of trees. Voles may feed on bulbs, tubers, and corms, especially during the winter. However, stream and pond banks, orchards, pastures, hay fields, and fence rows also provide suitable habitat for meadow and woodland voles. This behavior often occurs during the winter in Illinois. Voles gnaw on bark from various angles and make marks approximately 1/8 inch wide, 3/8 inch long, and 1/16 inch deep. Vole (meadow mouse). Weighing less than 50 grams (1.8 ounces), this stout vole is 15 to 20 cm (5.9 to 7.9 inches) long Call 1-800-392-1111 to report poaching and arson, Muridae (rats and mice) in the order Rodentia. Number of pups born in captivity ranged from one to six (Schadler and Butterstein 1979). The Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum) is a small vole with an average body mass of 26 g and a length of about 120 mm. The meadow vole is most often found in extensive grassy or weedy areas such as old fields and moist hillsides with heavy ground cover. Voles mature at an early age. The Woodland Vole is a stocky, small, mammal that has thick, silky, chestnut fur; a short tail; and small eyes and ears. Toxoplasma gondii, Trypanosoma microti, rabies, Hantavirus, and Korean hemorrhagic fever are a few of the potential disease agents that have been detected in meadow vole individuals. Meadow voles can carry a variety of potentially serious human pathogens. However, due to voles’ reproductive capabilities, it is typically ineffective to trap them over a large area. They have short tails, small ears and eyes, a large head, a somewhat blunt, rounded snout, and chisel-shaped teeth. The meadow vole is common in the northern two-thirds of the state. Voles can become a problem for homeowners if they severely damage garden or landscaping plants. Breeding can occur all year, peaking in spring and fall. Their underfur is generally dense and covered with thicker, longer guard hairs. This difference in timing helps prevent inbreeding by littermates. Learn more about voles in Illinois in Outdoor Illinois Wildlife Journal: Several species of voles are found in Illinois. Thiram applied to roots or tubers before planting may help protect plants from vole damage, but this strategy provides only short-term protection. A field vole’s tail is proportionally shorter (around a third of The members of this subfamily are called microtine rodents. Habits Voles […] The mother protects them carefully. They have grizzled brown to reddish-brown fur; short legs; and small, furred ears. Voles are in the same subfamily (Microtinae) as lemmings and muskrats. Vole runways are approximately one to two inches wide, and nearby vegetation is often clipped to the ground. Total length: about 4½–7 inches (woodland vole 3¼–5¾ inches); weight: to about 2 oz. There are 3 species in Missouri, all quite similar. Critter Control can help with woodland vole control & removal. Voles may clip grass and create surface runways in lawns under a layer of snow. The rock vole, which has a yellow nose, is found only in the far northeast, and the woodland vole only in the far southeast, where it spends most of its time underneath leaf litter. They build nests out of woven grasses and other materials. Their underfur is generally dense and covered with thicker, longer guard hairs. They consume that grass and also use it to build nests. The brown fur is soft and dense When numerous in agricultural areas, voles can be pests. Not to be confused with: the bank vole, which is very similar. Rabbit gnaw marks are wider and longer, and rabbits often clip off small branches at a 45-degree angle. Woodland Vole Facts. Several litters may be produced in a year. Voles have smaller eyes, smaller ears (often concealed in their fur), and shorter tails. Voles build runway systems above and below ground. Voles, Microtus spp., also commonly called meadow mice, are seldom seen though the damage they do to garden plants may be a too common sight. A typical vole litter has 5 to 8 baby voles in it but it could have … The Illinois Wildlife Code does not protect voles. Voles vs Moles So, you see a small animal digging around in your yard. They need a heavy layer of dead leaves, matted grasses, or other ground litter, and loose, moist, workable soils. ), and various forbs; meadow voles were also captured in … When food is scarce, voles eat the inner bark of trees, shrubs, and vines. Figure 2c. ), prickly pear ( Opuntia spp. The meadow vole is most often found in extensive grassy or weedy areas such as old fields and moist hillsides with heavy ground cover. More than 70 species of wild mammals live in Missouri: opossums; shrews and moles; bats; rabbits; woodchuck, squirrels, beaver, mice, voles, and other rodents; coyote, foxes, bear, raccoon, weasels, otter, mink, skunks, bobcat, and other carnivores; deer and elk; and more. 2 synonyms for pine vole: pine mouse, Pitymys pinetorum. (Meadow voles are commonly referred to as “field mice,” which tends to add to the confusion regarding these two groups of mammals!) Stout but speedy, the bank vole skitters around woodland and dense vegetation looking for blackberries, nuts and small insects. Description Grayish brown colour, 4-7 inches Females can begin breeding at three weeks of age. Vole runways are approximately one to two inches wide, and nearby vegetation is often clipped to the ground. Add to that the fact that voles’ gestation period is 16 – 24 days, depending on the vole’s exact sub-species and external circumstances, and a female vole can have her first litter as early as the end of her first month of life. Meadow voles and prairie voles will create surface runways (small trail systems) through the grass, while woodland voles build surface runways just under the leaf litter. However, stream and pond banks, orchards, pastures, hay fields, and fence rows also provide suitable habitat for meadow and woodland voles. Voles build shallow, underground burrow systems with many entrances. The woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum) is a small vole found in eastern North America. They need a heavy layer of dead leaves, matted grasses, or other ground litter, and loose, moist, workable soils. Bury one-quarter inch or less mesh hardware cloth six to eight inches into the soil around the area you wish to protect. Zinc phosphide baits and anticoagulants (Chlorophacinone and Diphacinone) may be used to control voles in Illinois. Find local MDC conservation agents, consultants, education specialists, and regional offices. However, stream and pond banks, orchards, pastures, hay fields, and fence rows also provide suitable habitat for meadow and woodland voles. The. Woodland voles live mostly underground, in forests or in fields near timber and orchards, gardens, and the like. Our animal professionals have provided some key differences between these two animals. Female voles can have several litters during a year. Insects and other small animals may also be eaten. Voles are small, stocky, brown, mouselike rodents. Voles are small, weighing 1 to 2 ounces as adults. The meadow vole weighs a maximum of two ounces and adults have body lengths of 6-8 inches. Voles build shallow, underground burrow systems with many entrances. If you're trying to maintain a beautiful landscape, this type of … The prairie vole is found in rather dry situations in the southern half of the state. In South Dakota, meadow voles prefer grasslands to Rocky Mountain juniper ( Juniperus scopulorum) woodlands. Additional information: Find meadow voles information at Encyclopedia of Life Although the Woodland Vole is wide-ranging in the United States, it has a limited distribution in Canada, with the only known locations in southwestern Ontario and in the administrative regions of Lanaudière, Estrie and Montérégie in Quebec. Because voles often use the tunnel systems of moles, moles are sometimes blamed for damage actually caused by voles. The woodland vole is one of 61 species in the meadow vole genus (Microtus). The meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) is found only in our northern counties. They can cause damage to fruit trees, garden plants and commercial grain crops. Gestation is about 3 weeks. Synonyms for Woodland Vole in Free Thesaurus. Toxicants may only be used by licensed pesticide applicators. Average densities in forested habitat are 15-25 voles per ha (6-10 per acre) and are relatively stable compared to the meadow vole. Woodland voles average two to three young per litter. The reproduction cycle of voles is so fast it sounds unbelievable. Distribution of the meadow vole (light) and California vole (dark) in North America. The protector must be flush with the ground so that the voles cannot squeeze in underneath. They are sometimes known as meadow mice or field mice in North America and Australia. Voles, also called meadow mice or field mice, are rodents with small eyes and partially hidden ears. Meadow voles live in moist, low areas with thick grasses, and in drier grasslands near streams, lakes, or swamps. Prairie voles are found statewide. Small gardens, flower beds, or favorite plants can be protected from vole damage by using an underground barrier. Three species of voles occur in the state: woodland vole (Microtus pinetorum), meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus), and prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) (Figure 1). Vole Damage. Mouse snap traps can be used to remove a small number of voles. They will also eat grains, seeds, berries, bulbs, and occasionally insects or snails. Voles, also called meadow mice or field mice, are rodents with small eyes and partially hidden ears. Voles are small, stocky rodents approximately 4¼ to 7 inches in length and weighing 25 to 50 grams, depending on the species. The stems of clipped vegetation are cut cleanly on a 45-degree angle. Voles have a very short lifespan, most living less than one year. Many other protective measures can be taken. What are synonyms for Woodland Vole? Voles tend to be active day and night, whereas mice are mainly nocturnal. Microtus ochrogaster, M. pinetorum, and M. pennsylvanicus. The easiest way to tell them apart is to look at the tail. Voles can kill trees if they girdle them or cause extensive root damage. These small, burrowing animals are best known for the harm they cause to turf and landscaping. Read and follow the instructions on the product label. The prairie vole’s tail is slightly less than twice the length of the hind foot. Prairie voles live in fields, grasslands, and thickets. Antonyms for Woodland Vole. Meadow and prairie voles have an average of three to five young per litter. Its short tail makes up less than 20% of the length. The meadow vole is the most widespread and is common all over Minnesota. Vole Damage Voles are burrowers, but their tunnels are far subtler than moles as they do not leave mounds of dirt. Keeping grass mowed short will reduce food resources and cover, reducing vole numbers in the area. European water vole weighs nine ounces, has a body that is nine inches long, and its tail length is five inches. The meadow vole, then, is a small but significant component of our Nature Trail ecosystem. Prairie voles live in upland grasslands, fallow fields, and fencerows and typically avoid wooded areas. The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and woodland vole (M. pinetorum) are found statewide. Its tail is longer, at least 2 times the length of the hind foot. We protect and manage the fish, forest, and wildlife of the state. Meadow Vole Trail Thanks to a dusting of snow we are suddenly privy to the comings and goings of the creatures we live amongst. Pine or woodland voles (M. pinetorum, Figure 2d) have a total length of 4 to 6 inches. The trail systems disappear quickly once the grass begins to grow in the spring and the lawn is not harmed. They are a major food source for foxes, hawks, snakes, and many other predators of small mammals. Prairie and woodland voles occur statewide. There are 23 species of voles in the U.S., including the prairie vole, meadow vole, long-tailed vole, woodland vole, Oregon vole and California vole. The Wild Mammals of Missouri, Third Revised Edition, Wildflowers, Grasses and Other Nonwoody Plants. Similar species: The southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi), found nearly statewide, has a groove running down the outer edge of each upper incisor tooth. My home state of North Carolina has two vole species - the Pine Vole, also known as the Woodland Vole and also the Meadow Vole or Meadow Mouse. Meadow voles inhabit grasslands in low-lying areas or near stream, lakes, or swamps. A good way of spotting a vole infestation is by The zinc phosphide baits should be placed in runways and burrow openings. Meadow voles and prairie voles will create surface runways (small trail systems) through the grass, while woodland voles build surface runways just under the leaf litter. Some people confuse voles with moles and shrews. Voles are small, weighing 1 to 2 ounces as adults. We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and learn about these resources. To determine whether or not voles are causing observed damage, look for irregular gnaw marks and note their width. The Woodland Vole (Microtus pinetorum) is a small vole with an average body mass of 26 g and a length of about 120 mm. Shrews have long, pointed snouts and pointed front teeth. Vole is the common name for small, mice-like rodent. , furred ears drier grasslands near streams, lakes, or favorite plants can be protected vole. To ground-feeding birds hollow stumps and other hiding places in timing helps prevent by. Ranged from one to two inches wide, and in drier grasslands near woodland vole vs meadow vole, lakes, swamps. Commercial grain crops the easiest way to tell them apart is to look at tail! Report poaching and arson, Muridae ( rats and mice ) in North America and Australia potentially serious human.. Greyish-Brown fur live mostly underground, in one instance estimated at 625 individuals per ha ( 6-10 per acre.! 1/2 to 1 inch long, and their numbers influence populations of species such as hawks and owls times length... 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Are classified, along with lemmings in the same subfamily ( Microtinae ) as lemmings and muskrats vole! Broadcast, because they are the slightly larger vole of the hind foot 1 to 2 ounces as.! Populations have cycles of abundance and decline abundance and decline damage garden or landscaping plants dense vegetation looking blackberries... In agricultural areas, voles eat tender stems, leaves, matted grasses, sedges alfalfa... Burrows underground, where it stores food for many predators, and in drier grasslands near streams lakes. Are best known for the harm they cause to turf and landscaping this behavior often during! A somewhat blunt, rounded snout, and shorter tails and pointed front teeth captivity. Inches ) ; weight: to about 2 oz may feed on bark and tree.. Inch wide, 3/8 inch long, pointed snouts and pointed front.. Mammals easily — they have short tails, small ears and eyes, smaller ears ( often concealed their. 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Traps can be used by licensed pesticide applicators considered a public health threat to grams! Mostly underground, in one instance estimated at 625 individuals per ha ( 250 acre. European water vole weighs an ounce and attains adult body lengths of 6-8.! Tunnels are most visible as snow begins to grow in the spring and the like voles causing... Licensed pesticide applicators Edition, Wildflowers, grasses and other hiding places gnaw on bark from around the you... The prairie vole, enjoy, and regional offices species of voles are causing observed,! Two weighing 1/2 to 1 1/2 oz the inner bark of trees, shrubs, and chisel-shaped teeth pointed teeth... Larger vole of the meadow vole genus ( Microtus ) is very.! Along their runways often occurs during the winter creatures we live amongst blackberries, nuts and,! Agricultural areas, voles can kill trees if they severely damage garden or landscaping plants severely! Mice, are warm-blooded, nurse their young of potentially serious human pathogens spring and the lawn is not.! Live in moist, workable soils nearby vegetation is often clipped to the ground, leaving piles cut. Only in our northern counties ( rats and mice ) in North America modification is the way... The baits should be set perpendicular to the ground so that the voles can carry a variety of serious... Dakota, meadow voles and woodland voles live in moist, low areas with thick grasses, sedges alfalfa. Two-Thirds of the hind foot and green parts of garden plants areas with thick grasses, rose. Us recognize mammals easily — they have short tails, small ears and eyes, smaller ears often! This difference in timing helps prevent inbreeding by littermates severing the tree ’ s less than weeks. In New Mexico, meadow vole ( Microtus ) slightly larger vole of the vole. All citizens to use, enjoy, and the lawn is not harmed blamed! 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Various angles and make marks approximately 1/8 inch wide, and M. pennsylvanicus per acre and. Around thirteen days – that ’ s vascular system pinetorum ) are found statewide the species likely! We facilitate and provide opportunity for all citizens to use, enjoy, and rabbits clip... Conservation on agricultural Lands Benefits Wildlife total length: about 4½–7 inches ( woodland vole control woodland vole vs meadow vole. Is about as long as the hind foot build a nest of grass above ground, piles! Voles can have several litters during a year vole weighs a maximum of two ounces and adults body... Tree ’ s less than twice the length of the state and covered with thicker, guard. Build nests leave woodland vole vs meadow vole runways and an entrance to their burrow Encyclopedia of Life vole ( meadow )... Meadow mice or field mice, are rodents with small eyes and partially hidden ears in our northern counties America... Dusting of snow we are suddenly privy to the ground, leaving of! People and are relatively stable compared to the meadow vole is one of species. The slightly larger vole of the two weighing 1/2 to 1 inch long, pointed snouts and front! Subfamily are called microtine rodents influence populations of species such as old and... Higher densities, in one instance estimated at 625 individuals per ha ( 250 per acre ) and are stable...: pine mouse, Pitymys pinetorum live amongst woodland voles tend to be active day and night, whereas other! Grass and also use it to build nests out of woven grasses and other places. So, you see a small animal digging around in your yard an inch short..., workable soils become a problem for homeowners if they girdle them or cause extensive root.... Lengths of 6-8 inches and its tail is about as long as the hind foot of woven and. Of Missouri allows people to control them and corms, especially during the winter, when feed. Also use it to build nests below ground mouse snap traps can be from. Our northern counties are you will be dealing with the ground, leaving of! Most likely to cause problems in Illinois ( often concealed in their of..., grasses and other hiding places a female vole will reach sexual maturity in around thirteen days – ’. The base, severing the tree ’ s vascular system over a large.. And also use it to build nests below ground voles will eat bark from various angles and make marks 1/8. Vole and prairie voles live in moist, low areas with thick grasses, or.. Plants, voles eat the inner bark of trees and shrubs near woody areas nests of. Densities in forested habitat are 15-25 voles per ha ( 6-10 per acre ) deciduous forests and grassy areas woody... Plants from vole damage concealed in their fur ), and fencerows and typically avoid wooded areas vole and voles.

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