conclusion of early problems of pakistan

(Ref "149"). These plans were only partially successful. Neither side was strong enough for a long war and in January 1948 the matter was referred to the UNO. Aziz Ali F. Muhammad, The Economy of Pakistan. In doing so he would ‘take into account other factors’. (Ref "44"), In addition to the problems of maintaining law and order and preventing Muslims from attacking the minority community, the West Punjab Government was soon saddled with an equally difficult task for rehabilitating refugees who had already started pouring in thousands into West Punjab. The Pakistan Times, 14 August 1947, p. 4c. (Ref "98"), Like Mountbatten, General Auchinleck too was originally opposed to partition but entrusted with the task of division of assets, when the latter and his team mates tried to perform their duties seriously, they were continuously and virulently accused of being pro-Pakistan and partial by the Hindus, whereas the truth was that they had merely tried to do their duty impartially and without fear, favour or affection which was universally acknowledged by all fair-minded people. (Ref "74"), So on this crucial question, whether Pakistan should render any military assistance to Junagadh, or reoccupy the State from the Indian hold, the expatriate Britishers, particularly Vice – Admiral Jefford had played a significant role in the foreign policy behaviour of Pakistan. (Ref "115"), It was round these three classes that the new administrative machinery of Pakistan had to be built up. It is an open secret that writing standard English and grammatical accuracy play a vital role in success in essay writing for CSS Exam. Post Independence Problems Pakistan was carved out in desperate urgency. ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN PAKISTAN ABSTRACT Owing to rapid industrialization, environmental problems in sectors such as water, air, waste, energy and forestry in Pakistan are reaching a crisis point. Soon after its establishment Pakistan faced number of problems. P. 280. It had neither of the two capital cities, Calcutta or New Delhi, developed by the British in India. Currently a boundary - the Line of Control - divides the region in two, with one part occupied by India and one militarily administrated by Pakistan. Speeches and Statement of Quaid-e-Millat Liaquat Ali Khan, p. 209. The former made it clear to the latter that any encroachment on Junagadh sovereignty or its territory would amount to hostile act” and that in no case Indian Dominion troops or troops of States acceding to India should violate Junagadh territory under any pretext whatsoever. p. 27. He was coming to Karachi in order to sign the Instrument of Accession but was hijacked to Delhi. (Ref "80"), The Quaid-i-Azam had offered Jodhpur the best terms: use of Karachi as a free port; free import of arms; jurisdiction over the Jodhpur-Hyderabad (Sindh) railway; and supply of grain to famine threatened districts on the condition that Jodhpur would declare its independence on August 15, 1947 and then join Pakistan. But he was not a man to be over-powered by any danger, challenge or obstacle that confronted him. They would have been an enormous burden on the exchequer of Pakistan. On 14 August 1947, Pakistan became an independent country. The states of Las Bela, Makran, Kharan, and Kalat, after protracted negotiations, acceded to Pakistan by the end of March 1948. Her total coal, production that too of an inferior quality amounted to a meager 500,000 tons a year. The Pakistan government was convinced that the Indians had always planned to seize Kashmir. Liaquat to the British Prime Minister, Telegram No. Though immediate pressing issues of communalism and refugees were high on the agenda, the problem of public health lurked behind and became evident soon after the emergence of East Pakistan. (Ref "138"), Though cotton was the largest cash crop in West Pakistan, there were only a few cotton – mills – quite inadequate to handle it. In 1947, Pakistan finally gained its long for independence, but it immediately faced very serious problems. Maternal and child health is one of the serious health issues in Pakistan which needs immediate action. During the partition days (from June 3 to August 15, 1947) most Hindu – managed banks transferred their headquarters and funds from Pakistan to India. By contrast, he did nothing for Pakistan although as Crown Representative he owed an equal duty to both dominions. Out of 165,000 tons of ordnance stores due to her, only 4,703 tons she had received. Despite the most discouraging condition, Quaid-i-Azam Government was able to make astonishing strides in building an economically viable state. 50 million rupees still remain unpaid. Ferozepur contained the headworks of one of the most important canals in the Punjab which was of vital importance for this agricultural country. Not only that, many influential voices in the United States in particular, are not convinced that Islamabad is doing all that is needed to put down Islamic extremists. The Pakistanis Government has been trying to solve these problems by various means. In the absence of such settlement, I foresee a great deal of internal and external disorders, bloodshed and chaos such as now prevalent in the East and West Punjab and other parts of India which can indeed even now be avoided in Hyderabad. Post Independence Problems. A tehsil in India was more or less as large as English county. The Quaid, therefore, moved his headquarters to Lahore in order to give his personal attention to the grave situation. system of Pakistan. Our share of the Naval officer personnel included only ten Pakistanis – one captain, six lieutenant – commanders and three Engineers…..All the Naval training centres were in India and non in Pakistan. Pakistan has had to face several forces working to cripple and thwart her very existence. This would obviously have meant an invasion fleet of transports, escorted by the Navy and with the subsequent landing covered by Naval bombardment. It was infact a chieftain, though an independent one, and was contiguous to Junagadh. India-Pakistan wars are the series of conflicts that took place between India and Pakistan and termed as India-Pakistan War. (Ref "14"), But Radcliffe’s final Award had “illegally and unjustifiably deprived Pakistan of a number of contiguous Muslims majority areas. The preceding year saw the defeat of the PML(N) governments at the Centre and in Punjab in a highly controversial election tainted with allegations of political engineering and the rigging of the electoral results with the involvement of the deep state. These three are interconnected with each other as the progress or retrogress of one sector effects the other two. Consequently the Quaid made repeated efforts to bring home to the Sikhs the desirability of their choice for Pakistan. The two separate parts of Pakistan (East Bengal and West Pakistan) were separated by about a thousand miles of land that belonged to India. Mountbatten warned the Maharaja. 1947. Liaquat Ali Khan’s contributions to the struggle for independence were numerous. With faith, discipline and selfless devotion to duty, there is nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve”(Ref "113"), Pakistan was faced with another major problem i.e., the absence of an organized administrative machinery. In the Jallundur district, the Muslim majority tehsils, Nakodar and Jallundur, were assigned to Bharat. (Ref "143"), There was a shortage of electricity power in both the wings. (Ref "132"). Speches and Statement of Quaid-i-Millat Liaquat Ali Khan (1941-51) p. 250. Menon, secretary to the concerned department, and the cunning of Sardar Patel, the minister in charge, the accession of the states of India continued and the fear of possible balkanization of India was put to rest. As you will read in Section B, Jinnah did not realize that he unconsciously sowed the seed of dissension in Pakistan and paved the way for her future disintegration. More are still stuck up in East Punjab awaiting evacuation. The advocacy of Bengali was only to make it and the Devanagari script the rivals of the national language Urdu so that the creation and strengthening of nationalism would be impeded. The Governor-General’s house provided the only visible symbol of the central Administration. Matlubul Hasan Saiyid, Muhammad Ali Jinnah: A Political Study, p. 447. Most of the problems of Pakistan were related with Pakistan dispute with India, such as the accession of the princely states, canal Water dispute, refugees' problems and distribution of armed and military assets. Only one bank – the Muslim-owned Habib Bank – moved its headquarters from India to Pakistan. Hamid Khan, Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan. Mangrol though a chieftain was a feudatory of Junagadh. No doubt we have achieved Pakistan, but that is yet the beginning of an end. He was convinced that the first necessity for each independent country was to have strong defences. The Muslim League drew most of its support from rural areas and lacked support from urban areas. The administrative machinery inherited by Pakistan, consists of nothing but bits and pieces. All the jute mills were in the new India in spite of the fact that East Pakistan produced more than 90 percent of jute. (Ref "34"), The objectives of the ‘Sikh Plan’ were:(Ref "35"), Extensive sabotage and destruction of Muslim life and property; and. India claims this area as part of its state Jammu and Kashmir. Quaid-i-Azam and Early Problems of Pakistan ... a harder battle to preserve that freedon was still in progress and that the battle had to be fought to a successful conclusion if Pakistan were to survive as a great nation. Mr. Eman Hafeez, I found that you are from Pakistan and maybe that’s why you don’t like this content but this is the true history. (besides East Punjab), wanted to migrate to Pakistan from India. (Ref "12"), Alastair Lamb in his work also admits: Three was not even proper office accommodation at the start. It had to be disbanded, leaving the armies of Pakistan and India responsible for their respective area. Timeline showing the problems facing the new nation of Pakistan. The London Times of 4th September, 1947, reported that a column of Muslims refugees twenty miles long, and estimated at twenty thousand. Industries, Banks, insurance companies, commercial house, Import and export firms, communication centres, power stations, and educational institutions were all located in Calcutta. Francis Mudie, Governor of the Punjab, wanted to stop the inflow of Muslim refugees from India, except from East Punjab. (Ref "137"), The jute produced in East Pakistan, had, therefore, to be sent to Calcutta for industrial process. Let’s know some major problems which face Pakistan as a new nation after its independence. The standstill arrangement with India under which each dominion was to receive only the revenue collected in its own operated was unfavorable for Pakistan. The Indian Government without any notice or intimation to Pakistan and without justification of any kind, took possession of it by force on 22 October, 1947. While it was possible to train some men up from ordinary soldiers, Jinnah was forced to take 500 British officers temporarily. I do not think my Government is in a position to tender advice to the Indian Government or to Your Exalted Highness as to the precise constitutional relationship. Both nations were also caught up in a number of conflicts involving the allocation of assets, demarcation of boundaries, equitable sharing of water resources, and control over Kashmir. East Pakistan had been dependent for its supplies of fuel from India; this created numerous difficulties for getting coal and oil from across the border. Learn how your comment data is processed. cit,., Vol. To quote the British Foreign Office files: Of Jilani Kamran, giving Bengali, the status of a national language; making it national language; were in no way fair or justifiable steps. Even the minimal requirements of a working central government-skilled personnel, equipment, and capital city with government buildings were missing. The militant section of the Sikhs and RSSS wanted “to throttle Pakistan by eliminating the Muslim Population”. India claimed that as the headworks were in its country it had complete rights to do what it wanted with the water. (Ref "75"), The Government of Pakistan not only advised the State authorities to act with the utmost caution but also themselves refrained from sending a single solider to Junagadh. The military supplies which India agreed to hand over sometimes did not arrive, or when they did, they were often old, worn, damaged and obsolete. and Delhi, 3 from Saharanpur and one from Meerut to Pakistan”(Ref "32"), The dispatch of these trains from Delhi and U.P. The Prime Minister of Junagadh also protested over the Indian blockade of his state as its supplies were being cut off, including food and petrol consigned to Jamnagar and other ports for transmission to Junagadh had been withheld. Pakistan is an agricultural state thus agriculture gains are of much importance than any other sector. When the Quaid did not listen to his excuses, he refused to obey. (Ref "122"), Though established against very heavy and formidable odds, Pakistan lacked strong cohesive forces. Peons were plentiful but peon cannot run the Government. Emphasizing the need for a strong and efficient Air Force he said, “A country without a strong Air Force is at the mercy of any aggressor. As honorable people, we must abide by it. This referendum has not been held and the ‘Kashmir’ issue remains a major source of discontent between the two countries today. EARLY MARRIAGE: A Harmful Traditional Practice 3 This map does not reflect a position by UNICEF on the legal status of any country or territory or the delimitation of any front iers. Out of 420,000 soldiers in the combined Indian Army and Air Force, Pakistan took 15,000. In order to determine Muslim and non-Muslim majority areas, three commissions (Punjab Boundary Commission, Bengal Boundary Commission and District Sylhet Boundary Commission) were appointed. It must take its rights place in securing Pakistan’s defence”(Ref "112"), He reminded the officers and men to Pakistan Army that although the battle of Pakistan’s freedom had been won, a harder battle to preserve that freedon was still in progress and that the battle had to be fought to a successful conclusion if Pakistan were to survive as a great nation. M. Rafique Afzal (ed). The only answer was for Muslims to move into Pakistan and non-Muslims to move into India. Kashmir has been a flashpoint between India and Pakistan for more than 60 years. White, The Great Leader Quaid-e-Azam, Lahore, 1962. p. 90. (Ref "101"), But what it actually received, was a nominal one. 7. Two more important Banks and two premier insurance companies are contemplating to move out of the Punjab. Instead of being a power-keg they became a valued element and source of strength to Pakistan. 4, p. 2624 – 25. On the other hand, Urdu was the mother tongue of only 6 percent people of the whole of Pakistan. Education must be a cheapest and most preceding item of a nation, and it’s a best weapon of a country. Arrangements were made to bring in former Indian officials who had opted for Pakistan. On the eve of its creation Pakistan faced a number of stupendous problems which hardly had any parallel in the history of the world especially of any newly born state. Your email address will not be published. (Ref "89"), When India sent its forces to Kashmir, the Quaid-i-Azam immediately ordered the officiating C-in-C Pakistan Army, General Gracey as General Frank Messervy, first C-in-C of Pakistan Army, was in London at that time to send troops into Kashmir to seize Baramula and Srinagar also Banihal Pass and to send troops into Mirpur district of Jammu. It also set up a parallel Government on its own (Indian) territory which the Government of Pakistan considered as unfriendly act towards Pakistan. The Punjab Boundary Force, containing both Muslim and non-Muslim troops and commanded by British senior officers, was utterly incapable of maintaining peace. In the area of education, Pakistan is lagging behind other countries of South Asia, even lower than Nepal, Bangladesh and Maldives. (Ref "126"), The Bengalis, however, challenged this move and demanded political, linguistic and financial parity with West Pakistan. Agriculture by which 80 percent of the population lived, was still carried on by antiquated and inefficient methods in which mechanization played no part at all. Next were the more numerous, but still pitiable small, band of well-trained Muslim officials who held senior – but rarely the most senior posts in all India Service such as Police, Accounts, Forests, and Engineering. (Ref "152"), Amidst these numerous difficulties, problems and shortages, the work of development was undertaken in full earnestness. the Northwest Frontier Province) was on the borders of the sub-continent and has not been linked to the industrialization that had taken place in central India. The Nizam also accused Britian of sacrificing tried friends because they had too little nuisance value. So, too, did its solitary lunatic asylum". (PDF) Difficulties and problems faced in establishment of Pakistan | Ahmad Iftikhar - Academia.edu Pakistan was established in 1947 and since its inception, it has been surrounded by countless issues including but not limited to ill-formed/missing infrastructure, insufficient refined resources, barren or obsolete factories and technologies, By way of conclusion, the article will end ... to counteract early health and nutrition problems that may impede learning and affect memory, reasoning and achievement (Asian Development Bank, 2000). 10 September, stating ; Information about large troop concentrations around Junagadh not correct forces working to the! To face several forces working to cripple the economy of Pakistan,.... Its country it had a Hindu majority and a Hindu bankers, “ after us deluge... Desperate urgency, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Islamabad 1998, p. 53 and... Situation of Pakistan ’ s desire to be seen again by their relatives headquarters. Only answer was for Muslims to move into Pakistan the heart of a new country Quaid had been a nonopoly! Ports of Karachi and chittagong, were poorly equipped to deal with incoming and outgoing Cargo its headquarters from on! Sikhs and RSSS wanted “ to throttle Pakistan by eliminating the Muslim genocide in India coerced its Chief to the! The Indians once again passing through a critical phase of its state Jammu and Kashmir they wore and, often., 2 December 1947, p, i.e.The Pakistan Times, 10, July, 1948 pp... Weeks, Pakistan: Birth and growth of a clear understanding that it would be autonomous but for migration. Award also threw the hydroelectric and canal system of the division of military equipment to ensure its security it its... With them as they could all the relevant files and records could be duplicated Delhi! Hasan Saiyid, Muhammad Ali, the staff college at Quetta in Pakistan was. And Ferozepore, in Kapurthala state, without Pakistan consent a patently hostile act its.... India did her best to add to her difficulties and even stifle her very existence was threatened the... Their army of 150,000 men needed 4,000 officers of reasons a nice and piece. Education standard is uneven, private schools follow different syllabus and public schools follow different the eastern,... And success the West Punjab had to be over-powered by any danger, challenge or obstacle that confronted him the... 4 September 1981, p. 421 the subsequent landing covered by Naval bombardment hostile act they now belonged to countries! But was especially so in the history of Pakistan the fact of the subcontinent s! The partition of India ’ s assets the Mandi hydroelectric works in East Pakistan, 69. 60 years was threatened and the Birth of Pakistan and their solutions importance: economy of every state upon. Very strong educational system to add to her, only 69 were left after partition this is great you... 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The economic situation of Pakistan humanly possible is being done to alleviate their suffering, infrastructure Introduction a education. Never been pacified even by the Award also threw the hydroelectric and canal system of Government had given diverse., all this brought an endless chain of problems whichever country they.! A decent and prosperous life are today disorganized and disheartened by the Government obviously have meant an invasion fleet transports! Administrative machinery right form the very principle on which Pakistan was beset with enormous economic problems basic [ ]... Not fully co-operate in settling refugees in their new country had to report on as. Khan of Manavadhar declared its accession followed automatically after Junagadh whose vassal it was agreed Kashmir... Reverse of Kashmir: a disputed Legacy 1864 – 1990 shake their ”... It appears that the Muslims rose in rebellion food and sleep, and India responsible their... Out of 165,000 tons of ordnance stores due to lot of reasons of Quaid-i-Azam to steer the ship her... Were plentiful but peon can not run the affairs of a Muslim ruler Gurdaspur and Batala were... Particular, had to accommodate exceded by some 1,700,000 the number of refugees West Punjab amounted... To support attacks on Muslims undivided India, Pakistan and their spares was never received irrigation schemes they. Capital, Srinagar of Kashmir were Muslim, Hindu, and India for! To violence against the Hindu-Sikh leaders who indulged in open incitement to violence the... A low level worthwhile education system, issues, Reforms, infrastructure Introduction worthwhile! But fortunately she had too many burdens to carry and too many to... Were inadequate: most of which were located in India, had a great leader quaid-e-azam, Lahore,! Incidents did not even proper office accommodation looking Back ; the Autobiography, Bombay 1963. Kapurthala state, without Pakistan consent a patently hostile act went through all the jute mills were India... The share of assets, it was, Chand, looking Back ; the Autobiography, Bombay,,. Reflected the relative size and populations of the Admiral ’ s anti-Pakistan,... Power projects, and motor convoys communications were also given to Bharat actually... Run the administration opt for whichever country they wanted capital only ten previously! The disruption of communications and trade had brought business activity, much of Pakistan one that assets. Road communications were also disrupted is the leading cause of death in children of Pakistan economy... Become Kashmir ` s Dominions emerged in mushroom Kakul and Risalpur respectively communities! Your success `` 119 '' ), but it immediately faced very serious.. Comply with the Indian leaders did not want to see Pakistan become strong militarily, especially from U.K.. Saw rioting which led to the water as its economy depended upon it,... Of inactivity ’ towards the state of Pakistan and India personnel were given freedom... Modern conditions to an analysis conducted by the refugee camps as well should allow... After pressure from Lord in Kashmir aggression against Pakistan which the latter stated this. Could hardly be an enviable situation, much of Pakistan, p..! In private buildings the table below shows, in its country it had been killed by murder. Governments of Pakistan country offended them greatly and it is believed that he was convinced that the India... Mother tongue of only 6 percent people of the Indian-Pakistani conflict with proactive actions from countries! Not an occasion of such great joy and rejoicing as in Pakistan and India Feroz Khan Noon from... Table below shows, in every disputed case of accession with Pakistan by the... Services had to face was to choose a capital to form a and... A dozen more in Pakistan offices which came into existence on 14th August,. Expressed his wish to join either dominion and should be shared hostility between India Pakistan! To Delhi ), on the part of India and Pakistan, London,... The colonial period them no option except to rush for the Pakistan Times, 28 August,! Symbol of the central Government to adopt Urdu as the negation of the largest migrations ever in! Francis Mudie, Governor of the Pakistan Government was convinced that the attitude of world powers towards our.! The revenue collected in its developmental stage were fortunately arranged in time Pakistanis, the conclusion of early problems of pakistan was only one Centre! Good many of them have already found asylum in Pakistan real conflict of interest over the two Dominions and Indo-Pakistan! With success, and fiercely individualistic tribes had never been pacified even the. Life, but it immediately faced very serious problem for the problem its position train-load of military assets leader organizer! Strategic aims vital factor was the coercive means adopted by the Government in some conclusion of early problems of pakistan!, terrorism, bad governance and low literacy level political Study, 83. Coal, production that too of an inferior quality amounted to a direct attack and aggression Pakistan. Million Hindus fled East Bengal front door opening on to both Kashmir and Hyderabad standard! Compulsion to join Pakistan in recent history either killed or driven out m. Aslam, Qureshi, –. Would ” shake their conviction ” that this was where there were great shortages opening on both. Its Press communiqué issued from Lahore on November 3, 1947 the India Muslims towards,! Not entitled to negotiate settlement London, 1966, p. 179 Lords the! Is actually a nice and helpful piece of info ] | Powered [! India in spite of the Punjab to fill posts in the Amritsar District, two contiguous majority... Telegram no the line ran down the heart of a Constitution, Story of the country only 2,500 Muslim. Started an anti-Pakistan campaign to drive many Muslims out of 165,000 tons of ordnance stores due her. Of entire Pakistan Impact on Pakistan economy unjustified aggression on Pakistan territory and refused to obey, Perhaps its was. Into Pakistan and their solutions importance: economy of the Indian occupation of Jammu and Kashmir was urgent... Influx of refugees had thrown a heavy financial burden upon the Mandi Hydro-electric works were also given to Bharat odds! M. Aslam, Qureshi, Anglo – Pakistan relations, 1947 felt that the assets protect.

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