The council, advised by the theologian Jean Gerson, secured the resignations of John XXIII and Gregory XII in 1415, while excommunicating the claimant who refused to step down, Benedict XIII. Lesson Summary. After Pope Gregory XI died in 1378, the Romans rioted to ensure the election of a Roman for pope. Urban VI, born Bartolomeo Prignano, the Archbishop of Bari, was elected in 1378. Since its earliest days, the Church recognized the special positions of threebishops, who were known as patriarchs: the Bishop of Rome, the Bishop ofAlexandria, and the Bishop of Antioch. Denmark, England, Flanders, the Holy Roman Empire, Hungary, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Sweden, Republic of Venice, and other city states of northern Italy recognized the Roman claimant. Updates? From the time of Diotrephes (III John 1:9-10) there have been continual schisms, of which the greater number were in the East. Western Christendom could not decide which … Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Overview of the Great Schism (Western Schism), with a detailed discussion of the Council of Constance. The Western Schism or Papal Schism was a split within the Roman Catholic Church which lasted from 1378 to 1417. But it then added to the problem by electing another incumbent, Alexander V. He reigned briefly from June 26, 1409, until his death in 1410, when he was succeeded by John XXIII, who won some, but not universal, support. Lesson Summary. Eventually, theologians like Pierre d’Ailly and Jean Gerson, as well as canon lawyers like Francesco Zabarella, adopted arguments that equity permitted the Church to act for its own welfare in defiance of the letter of the law. This reputation can be attributed to perceptions of predominant French influence and to the papal curia's efforts to extend its powers of patronage and increase its revenues. Michael Cerularius -- III. The period from 1309 to 1377, during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon, France, rather than in Rome. Roman Emperor's interference in doctrinal matters A church council was held at Pisa in 1409 under the auspices of the cardinals to try solving the dispute. Clement VIII resigned in 1429 and apparently recognized Martin V. Habemus Papam 1415 Habemus Papam (the announcement of a new pope) at the Council of Constance, 1415. https://www.boundless.com/world-history/textbooks/boundless-world-history-textbook/, Explain the events that led to the Western Schism, as well as its eventual resolution. Archbishops loyal to Benedict XIII subsequently elected Antipope Benedict XIV (Bernard Garnier), and three followers simultaneously elected Antipope Clement VIII, but the Western Schism was by then practically over. East-West Schism, also called Schism of 1054, event that precipitated the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches (led by the patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius) and the Western church (led by Pope Leo IX). This second election threw the church into turmoil. Eventually the cardinals of both factions secured an agreement that Benedict and Pope Gregory XII would meet at Savona. They balked at the last moment, and both colleges of cardinals abandoned their popes. The papacy seems to have lost its guiding role of Christianity. The Western Schism was a split between factions of the Roman Catholic Church between 1378 and 1417. The Great Schism, also known as the 'East-West Schism,' was the official split of the Christian Church into Eastern Orthodoxy and Western … Finally, a council was convened at Constance by Pisan pope John XXIII in 1414 to resolve the issue. There had been antipopes—rival claimants to the papacy—before, but most of them had been appointed by various rival factions; in this case, a single group of church leaders had created both the pope and the antipope. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Great Western Schism: antipopes in Rome 24 After having sworn to pursue the path of abdication in order to end the schism if the majority of his cardinals agreed, Antipope Benedict XIII alienated many of his cardinals when he went back on his promise and showed himself unwilling to consider abdication, even though the majority of his cardinals wanted him to. 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