Of course, the Marine, Navy, and Air Force enlisted casualties were all volunteers, but as it turned out, almost 50 percent of Army enlisted casualties were also volunteers. As Maya Ling Lin, the architect of the Wall, has said: It was as if the black-brown earth were polished and made into an interface between the sunny world and the quiet dark world beyond that we cannot enter. Brad Pitt, actor (12 Monkeys, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button). The names are arranged first by date, and then alphabetically. Mayor of Berlin and Chancellor of West Germany. The chevron shape of the memorial lines up in a way that one arm points to the Washington Monument and the other to the Lincoln Memorial, with names rising up around you as you walk through. There were 57,939 names original names etched into the Vietnam Veterans Memorial wall. In 2004, the total is 58,241 names. Only 10 percent of enlisted men had even some college to their credit and only 1 percent were college graduates. This uneven impact was caused by a number of factors: (1) While the South was home to some 53 percent of all blacks in the 1970 census, almost 60 percent of black casualties came from the South; (2) Although we cannot be as precise, we do know that a considerable majority of Hispanic-American casualties came from the West, (California, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado) and the South (Texas); (3) Better employment opportunities in the Northeast reduced the number of volunteers; (4) Greater college matriculation in the Northeast increased the number of status deferments for the region’s 17- to 24- year olds; (5) More anti-war sentiment in the media and on college campuses in the Northeast. The names would become the memorial. All were nurses, all were single and all but one were in their 20s. But after World War II a kind of educational apartheid had settled over the United States. Those two men have the distinction of being the first two names on The Wall, officially the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. At the 1982 dedication of that monument, their names … The DOD database listed precise religious preferences for the 58,152 Vietnam casualties. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall lists the names of those killed and missing in action in chronological order according to the date of casualty. We were one giant Hollywood B-17 bomber crew, one perfect socioeconomic platoon storming Omaha Beach or Okinawa. Protestants were 64.4 percent (37,483), Catholics were 28.9 percent (16,806). The burden of combat fell on the very available non-college-bound young. Each row contains five names (six where a name has been added since the wall was originally installed). Their sons, if not college material, made up a significant part of the volunteers and draftees. A new Department of Defense (DOD) database computer tape released through the National Archives allows researchers to take a much closer look at our 58,152 Vietnam casualties. These casualties came largely from the Northeast and North Central regions of the United States, many from the traditionally patriotic, Catholic working class neighborhoods. The 1970 census which is being used as our Vietnam era population base did not list an Hispanic count but gave an estimate of 4.5 percent of the American population. Nathan King, NPS The two 200-feet-long walls contain more than 58,000 names. Almost 50 percent were majors, lieutenant-colonels, colonels and three were generals. But given the draft policies, the hard-sell recruitment, the severe escalation from month to month and the refusal by President Lyndon Johnson to call up the older reserves and National Guard, it could not have been otherwise. It is instructive to read the literature of the war, the letters written home from those who died, the novels and narrative accounts of those who served in combat and then returned. Approximately 1200 of these are listed as missing (MIA's, POW's, and others). One additional factor, often overlooked, that influenced volunteer enlistment was military tradition — the influence of fathers, grandfathers, brothers, uncles and others who had served in previous 20th century wars. He accepted the tradition of military service passed on to him by the popular culture and by President John F. Kennedy’s ringing words, Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and success of liberty. Dedicated in 1993, the Vietnam Women's Memorial pays tribute to the more than 265,000 women who served during the Vietnam era. Many of the 17- and 18-year olds were simply late in maturing. As one walks the Wall slowly, examining the ineffably American names, one is struck by the same recurring surnames. There still are 338 photos missing. The draft policy at the time of the Vietnam War was called the Universal Military Training and Service Act. The popularity of the GI Bill after Vietnam emphasized this yearning. The names are arranged in the order in which they were taken from us by date and within each date the names … Items are gathered by park staff. As a result, it was mainly the families of Navy and Air Force pilots and crewmen who suffered the great agony of the POW (prisoner of war) and MIA (missing in action) experience that came out of the Vietnam War. Washington , DC They were at their peak physically. There was no need to embellish. Although valuable, this study was almost certainly misinterpreted by its authors when they said that their data showed that most privileged and influential segments of American society were not insulated from the perils of Vietnam conflict. Who were they? The major service academies and other military colleges provided close to 900 of the Vietnam officer casualties: the U.S. Military Academy, 278; the U.S. Air Force Academy, 205; the U.S. If you do not know some of the information or want to see all the listing for a county, city, or last name, leave the other fields blank. Some recent studies tend to refute what had been the perceived wisdom of social scientists and other commentators that our Vietnam dead came overwhelmingly from the poor communities. At the time, approximately 1,300 names were designated as servicemen who were either missing or prisoners of war. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they were taken from us. Blacks were 85 percent Protestant. The shining surface is intended to reflect the sun, the ground and those who stand before it. All of this was one of the great and abiding agonies of the Vietnam War, causing repercussions within families and on the national political scene to this day. The idea that American enlisted dead were made up largely of society’s poverty stricken misfits is a terrible slander to their memory and to the solid working-class and middle-class families of this country who provided the vast majority of our casualties. Inscription at the beginning of The Wall. The DOD percentages reveal that nearly 75 percent of Army enlisted casualties were privates or corporals. Officer casualties in Vietnam, including warrant officers, numbered 7,874, or 13.5 percent of all casualties. Fully 50 percent were in the 17- to 24-year age group, and astonishingly, there were 764 Army officer casualties who were 21 or younger. However, if officer casualties are added to the total, then this overrepresentation is reduced to 12.5 percent of all casualties. In a massive sampling of the database, it was established that between 5 and 6 percent of Vietnam dead had identifiable Hispanic surnames. The Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) was given to all entering enlisted men. World War II had been, for the most part, a perfect war, clear of purpose, the forces of democracy and freedom lined up against the forces of fascism and tyranny. Of the 8000 Coast guardsmen who served in Vietnam, 3 officers and 4 enlisted men were killed and 59 were wounded. On average, 43 percent of white enlisted entrants placed in categories I and II (scoring 65 to 100) and 57 percent in categories III and IV (scoring 10 to 64). These young men were trained quickly and shipped to Vietnam quickly. In this study we will refer to casualties as the 58,152 who died in Vietnam, but it should be emphasized that there were 153,303 who were wounded seriously enough to be hospitalized. This amounted to 4.1 percent of all enlisted casualties in Vietnam. The civilian and military men who formed the policy did not see it necessarily as a disadvantage. A relatively small number refused to register for the draft at all. What happens to items left at the memorial? Their sacrifices were honored July 8, 2009, in Washington during a ceremony commemorating the 50th anniversary of their deaths. In terms of national origin/ancestries, an extensive sampling of the data-base reveals that Americans of French Canadian, Polish, Italian and other Southern and Eastern European surnames made up about 10 percent of the Vietnam casualties. The memorial was then officially dedicated. All of the names were read out loud this year for the fifth time. What will be the evolving historical judgment for those names on the Wall? This came at a time when blacks made up 11 percent of the male population nationwide. (Surprisingly, as it turned out, the percentage of Vietnam veterans who applied for the GI Bill was higher than either World War II or Korea. Early in the war (1965 and 1966) when blacks made up about 11 percent of our Vietnam force, black casualties soared to more than 20 percent of the total. This was a reflection of the role of warrant officers as helicopter pilots (of the 1,277 warrant officer casualties, 95 percent were Army helicopter pilots), and of the young lieutenants and captains as combat platoon leaders or company commanders. As part of the wall’s 30th anniversary … For row number, count down from the highest row on the panel. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a 2-acre (8,000 m ) U.S. national memorial in Washington, D.C. NAVY AND AIR FORCE OFFICER CASUALTIES BY RANK AND AGE. A more precise equation would be that the college bound stayed home while the non-college bound served and died. Despite their inexperience, they were thought to accept discipline readily. They often reveal a typically warm American family atmosphere. They drew on every segment of American society. Perhaps more important, many of them probably did not yet fully understand their own mortality and were therefore less likely to be hesitant in combat. Of the 7,877 officer casualties, 7,595, or 96.4 percent, were white; 147, or 1.8 percent, were black; 24, or 0.3 percent, were Asian; 7, or .08 percent, were Native American; 104, or 1.3 percent, were unidentified by race. There were 667; How many Andersons?, 178; Garcias?, 102; Murphys?, 82; Jenkins?, 66; One wants to know more about these Americans. AGE 17 TO 21 PREFERRED ARMY AND MARINE COMBAT MATERIAL. From 1964 to 1973, 2,100,000 men and women served in Vietnam, but this was only 8 percent of the 26,000,000 Americans who were eligible for military service. The third garden on the Museum site is the Vietnam Memorial Garden. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally published in our various magazines. The Pentagon will add 96 names to the 58,022 on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial here after deciding to engrave combat-related deaths on the black stone. With the end of the Cold War, many now believe that at its outset the Vietnam War was a quite honorable extension of our ultimately successful policy of Communist containment; that our effort in Vietnam became flawed because of political and strategic failures having nothing to do with those who died there; and that these young Americans were asked by three presidents and six Congresses to give up their lives so that freedom would have a better chance in the world. John Kennedy, discussing military assignments, said that, life is unfair. Congress and the Johnson administration, therefore, sought to protect our college-bound and educated young men. These names represented those military personnel who... See … 900 Ohio Drive SW It should be noted, however, that the draft was specifically designed to trigger volunteer enlistments. The wall construction generally follows the techniques that John Devitt used in building the Moving Wall™. Thus, there were 211,455 killed and wounded, or one in every 10 Americans who served in Vietnam. The names are listed chronologically by date of death, the first to last. Of 2,590 total Air Force casualties, 1,674 or 65 percent were officers. Fort Irwin isn’t looking for a full-scale replica: This one should not be larger than 250 feet in length, or half the size of the (national) Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall on the National Mall. The Navy fatalities were 2,556 or 2 percent. These alphabetical indexes are for your convenience but do not represent the order of names on the Wall. It was designed by American architect Maya Lin. These officer casualties came more from the South and West regions, 4.1 deaths per 100,000, in contrast to 3.5 from the Northeast and Midwest regions. While many may not think of a name as a representational memorial, a name directly represents an individual. The training for American officers is thought by most foreign military authorities to be the best in the world. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial was built to serve as a memorial to all those servicemen who served in the Vietnam War, both living and dead. The DOD database provides no civilian or military educational levels for the Vietnam casualties specifically, but it does give us general levels for all enlisted men across all the services during the Vietnam era. Although it is a truism that the young die in war, one is still unprepared for the fact that 40 percent of Marine enlisted casualties in Vietnam were teenagers; that more than 16 percent of Army enlisted casualties were also teenagers; and that nearly a quarter of all enlisted casualties in Vietnam were between the ages of 17- and 19-years old. The first names appear at the center of the wall at the top of panel 1E. Postscript: Since 1982, there have been 89 names added to The Wall. Additionally, many of the names on the wall were other teenagers from the suburban white collar communities with siblings who were in, or would go on to college, but who, as individuals themselves, were slow to mature, struggled through high school and were therefore very available for the Vietnam War. An estimated 11,000 women served in Vietnam. In the military it can be somewhat more deadly. The young enlisted volunteer or draftee had not had much time to form any complicated theories about our Vietnam commitment. They came largely from California and Texas, with lesser numbers from Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Florida, New York and a few from many other states across the country. As a region, the South experienced the greatest numbers of dead, nearly 34 percent of the total, or 31.0 deaths per 100,000 of population. It honors service members of the U.S. armed forces who fought in the Vietnam War, service members who died in service in Vietnam/South East Asia, and those service members who were unaccounted for during the war. The Selective Service System it said, has the responsibility to deliver manpower to the armed forces in such a manner as to reduce to a minimum any adverse effect upon the national health, safety, interest and progress. Electronic registries available online or accessible by park staff in the information kiosk at the memorial allow users to search by several data including first name, last name, branch of service, rank, date of birth, date of casualty, state and/or city where they enlisted. Thus we can see that the channeling philosophy continued within the armed forces. Only the Navy, with 50 percent of its enlisted casualties over 21, and the Air Force, with 75 percent over 21, showed an older, more experienced age demographic. Panel numbers are engraved in the memorial at the bottom of each panel. THE FIRST KNOWN CASUALTY Richard B. Fitzgibbon, of North Weymouth, Mass. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial pays tribute to those who served in the Vietnam War and is one of the most visited attractions in Washington DC.The memorial is a black granite wall inscribed with the names of 58,286 American’s killed or missing in the Vietnam conflict. True enough, but many of the surviving Vietnam casualty families would reply that the ultimate unfairness is death at an early age, in a land far from home, for reasons not clearly defined. They were struggling through or dropping out of high school, or if a high school graduate, had tested poorly for college entrance. The remaining 70 percent of our Vietnam enlisted casualties were of English/Scottish/Welsh, German, Irish and Scandinavian-American ancestries, more from the South and Midwest than the other regions, many from small towns with a family military tradition. It called for the registration of all 18 to 26-year old males, with induction to take place at 18 1/2 if so ordered by the local draft board. It is a word that stands for a being. Vietnam Veterans Memorial How many names are on the wall? A correspondingly greater tradition of military service in the other regions had its effect on U.S. regional casualties. The DOD database shows that of the 2,100,000 men and women who served in Vietnam, 58,152 were killed. The Department of Defense decides whose name gets to go on The Wall, but those inscribed typically… Some went to Canada or Sweden, but few of those who evaded the draft were actually prosecuted and most were eventually pardoned by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a black granite wall inscribed with the names of 58,286 American’s killed or missing in the Vietnam conflict. There is no question that all segments of American society were represented. Those who could have qualified for college probably did not have the funds or motivation. The figures show that on average 65 percent of white enlisted men and 60 percent of black enlisted men were high school graduates. The memorial is maintained by the U.S. National Park Service, and receives around 3 million visitors each year. There are 58,267 names now listed on … Vietnam War casualties from Massachusetts Click or Tap on name to find a personal memorial page of a casualty from this state. There are over 58,000 names of men and women who died in action in Vietnam etched deeply into the dark, polished, mirror-like surface of that monument that is simply known as “The Wall” to Vietnam veterans. Only 5 to 10 percent of enlisted men in the combat units were estimated to have had some college, and less than 1 percent of these enlisted men were college graduates. The panels are filled like pages of a journal listing the men and women's names as they fell. Katie Holmes, actress (Dawson's Creek TV series, Batman Begins). With the addition of six names added in 2010 the total is now 58,272 names listed on the Memorial. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands as a symbol of America’s honor and recognition of the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. In civilian life, poor aptitude testing can have a tremendous negative impact, whether for college placement or for simple job advancement. Having the names begin and end at the center is meant to form a circle – a completion to the war. Thus it is safe to say that Hispanic-Americans were over-represented among Vietnam casualties — an estimated 5.5 percent of the dead against 4.5 percent of the 1970 population. It may come as a surprise to some that 63.3 percent of all Vietnam enlisted casualties were not draftees but volunteers. When the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated, it originally had 57,939 names inscribed on it. The Vietnam War was no different. The officer corps has always drawn heavily on English/Scottish/Welsh, German, Irish and Scandinavian-American ancestries from middle-class white collar homes, with other large percentages from ambitious working class blue collar and, of course, career military families. Of the 7,262 blacks who died, 6,955, or 96 percent, were Army and Marine enlisted men. And they often show a heartbreakingly wry sense of humor with the same sensibilities as their college-bound peers. As a result, the black casualty rate was reduced to 11.5 percent by 1969. The slabs meet at a vertex of 125 degrees, 10 feet above ground level to form the Wall. Often that advice, especially for professional athletes, rock stars, sons of politicians and other celebrities, was to join the never-to-be-called-up reserves or National Guard. But in 1966, President Johnson and Secretary of Defense McNamara decided to institute Project 100,000 that would allow category IV men to enter the military. Multiple casualties occurring on the same day appear in alphabetical order. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall USA website is dedicated to honoring those who died in the Vietnam War. If officers are added, then almost 70 percent of those who died were volunteers. Just as the Vietnam War had divided the country, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial garnered many outspoken opinions of both praise and antipathy. You can scroll down to see the names of casualties listed under their official city. Naval Academy, 130; Texas A & M, 112; The Citadel, 66; Virginia Military Institute, 43; Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 26; Norwich University, 19. They did not, in most cases, carry the burdens of wife or children. And more’s the pity, because many of them were trying to escape this background and didn’t make it. This is close to, but not exactly in the same order as the names on the Wall. Our combat arms were thought to be completely classless. The memorial, located near the western end of the Mall, is a black granite V-shaped wall inscribed with the names of the approximately 58,000 men and women who were killed or missing in action. ARMY AND MARINE OFFICER CASUALTIES BY RANK AND AGE. Most of the young American enlisted men who served in Vietnam were not college prospects at the time they entered the service. Since its adoption in 1951, at the time of the Korean War, this policy had been renewed by Congress every four years. Many of them, as experienced pilots, were older (two thirds were thirty or older) and many were high ranking. Interesting Vietnam Veterans Statistics. What the MIT study almost certainly showed was that members of the so-called working class consisting of carpenters, electricians, plumbers, firemen, policemen, technicians, skilled factory operatives, farmers, etc., were living in middle class communities and were, therefore, part of our burgeoning middle class. ), EDUCATIONAL LEVELS OF ENLISTED CASUALTIES. If you require assistance, contact a park ranger or volunteer at the memorial. 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